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Abraham (from Alphabetical Analysis)

Three names stand out in the early pages of Genesis – Adam, Noah and Abraham. The scriptural fact that Noah is represented as a type of the ‘Second Adam’ is set out under the heading ADAM (p. 31), and again is referred to under the heading NOAH3. The composition of the book of Genesis and the position of Abraham in the eleven generations which compose the bulk of the book of Genesis is given under GENEALOGY6. In the present analysis, these items will be briefly summarized so that as full an examination of the dispensational place of Abraham can be given as space will permit.

The eleven generations of Genesis are ranged on either side of that of Terah, the father of Abraham, and as Abraham stands midway between Adam and Christ, it will be seen that he occupies a most important position in the outworking of the purpose of the ages. The name of Abraham was originally Abram, a Chaldee name meaning ‘high and exalted father’, this was afterward changed by God to the Hebrew Abraham ‘father of nations’ (Gen. 17:5). The name Abram occurs sixty times in the Old Testament, all of which except two references, namely that of 1 Chronicles 1:27 and Nehemiah 9:7, are found in the book of Genesis from Chapters 11 to 17. It is by the name Abraham that the patriarch is referred to in the New Testament.

It is a point to be kept in mind, when the dispensational place of the Abrahamic covenant is the theme, that Abraham is mentioned in the four Gospels, The Acts, Romans, 2 Corinthians, Galatians, Hebrews, James and 1 Peter, but is entirely absent from the epistles written by Paul after Acts 28, namely Ephesians, Philippians, Colossians, Philemon, Titus, 1 and 2 Timothy.

The outworking of the purpose of God had already been associated with Adam and with Noah in the book of Genesis, but in both cases Satanic opposition had involved the earth in a curse or destroyed it by a flood. Subsequent to the flood had come another attack, this time the rebellion at Babel, and immediately following the confusion of tongues, comes the call of Abraham and the first great promise (See BABYLON p. 104, and its place in the purpose). The name of Abraham is associated with a Covenant, a Promise, a Doctrine, a Gospel, and two Callings, earthly and heavenly.

The Covenant. The first draft of the covenant made with Abraham is found in Genesis 15:18-21, which makes a promise of a ‘seed’ and a ‘land’, the land being specified by the geographical boundaries ‘from the river of Egypt unto the great river, the river Euphrates’, and possessed at the time of the promise by a number of tribes, including the Rephaim and the Canaanites (See GIANTS2). This covenant is reaffirmed in Genesis 17:1-8 and amplified by the addition of such terms as ‘multiply exceedingly’, ‘father of many nations’, and the covenant here made is called ‘an everlasting covenant’.  As this word translated ‘everlasting’ is of great importance in the understanding of the Divine purpose, special attention is directed to AGE, p. 47.

Following this ‘everlasting covenant’ which was made unconditionally by God, is ‘the covenant of circumcision’ which Abraham and his seed should ‘keep’. This also is called ‘an everlasting covenant’ (Gen. 17:13). This covenant is afterward extended and called the covenant with Abraham, Isaac and Jacob (Exod. 2:24).

Callings. – Two callings are associated with Abraham. The earthly calling embraces Israel as the seed, Palestine as the land, and the role of ‘a kingdom of priests’ in relation to the nations of the earth. The heavenly calling is developed in the epistle to the Hebrews (3:1) and looks away from the earth and the earthly Jerusalem to the heavenly city. In the case of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob, and those who follow in their steps, the heavenly Jerusalem is seen to be in the nature of a reward, consequent upon their overcoming faith, associated with ‘the better hope’ and ‘the better resurrection’, but it must be remembered that what may be the ‘prize’ of one calling, may be the unconditional ‘hope’ of another, and in order to appreciate this, see HOPE2 and PRIZE3.

The Abrahamic Covenant

AS SET FORTH IN THE EPISTLE TO THE ROMANS

The Dispensational Position before Acts 28

We have endeavored to show that the setting aside of Israel as a nation completely altered the dispensational dealings of the Lord (see ACTS 28, p. 26). We will now seek to show that prior to the revelation of the mystery hid in God the blessing upon the Gentiles as well as the Jews was Abrahamic and Millennial in character, and that Gentile believers were blessed through Israel or not at all.

The epistle to the Romans, while containing doctrine as true to-day as when first written, contains also dispensational teaching which has passed away with the Pentecostal period.

The following list will give some idea as to the prominent position which the Jew occupied before Acts 28, as compared with the epistles written afterwards:

 

Word	Before Acts-28 Number of Occurrences	After Acts-28 Number of Occurrences
Jew	25	1 “Neither Greek nor Jew” (Col. 3:22)
Israel	14	2 (Eph. 2:12; Phil 3:5)
Israelite	3	0
Abraham	19	0
Total	61	3

 

When it is observed that the three occurrences after Acts 28 are all negative statements, referring to the past, the contrast will be more clearly seen than ever.

To the Jew first (Rom. 1:16; 2:10)

The use of this expression in Chapter 2:10 shows that it is not merely stating the historical order of preaching but shows us the place of precedence assigned to the Jew. This is characteristic of the Millennial Kingdom, as a reference to Isaiah 60 and 61; Zechariah 8:23; 14:12-21, etc. will show.

As long as Israel were a people and Jerusalem their city, so long as they retained the covenant position, and saved Gentiles came up to Jerusalem to worship; the Gentiles were linked with the believing Remnant by baptism, as the channel of their blessing.

Romans 3:1 anticipates an objection arising out of the very fact of this Jewish pre-eminence, that might be expressed thus: ‘If what you say is true, where is the hitherto recognized pre-eminence and profit of the Jew and circumcision?’ The answer is, ‘Much every way’. But in verse 9, when the Jew would make his dispensational privilege a ground of merit, when he asks, ‘Are we better than they?’ the answer is, ‘No, in no wise’.  Dispensational privilege did not alter the Jew personally, and when we come to consider Romans 11 we shall see that to be deprived of it does not alter one’s standing in Christ.

‘Is He the God of the Jews only?’ (Rom. 3:29) goes to show the strong Jewish element even in the Church at Rome.

Romans 9 to 11 deal more particularly with the dispensation obtaining from Acts 2 to 28. The Jewish objection of 3:3 recurs again in 9:6. The objection of 3:29 is again met in 9:24. Chapter 10:21 shows the attitude of the Lord during the ‘Acts’ period, which culminated in their rejection and the destruction of the city.

We now arrive at Romans 11. This chapter has been very sadly misunderstood; and to understand it is, in large measure, to understand the peculiar dispensation that covered the period of The Acts. Expositors, who have been clear about the subject of the ‘Mystery’, have felt a difficulty with regard to this chapter because they assumed that the dispensational position of Romans (which was before Acts 28) was the same as that of Ephesians (which came after Acts 28).

The figure of the olive tree, and the Gentiles as wild olive branches, is certainly not the same as the ‘One Body’. To avoid apparent contradiction, the passage has been interpreted of the Gentile as such, whereas it but states the same truth as Galatians 3, namely, that believing Gentiles up to Acts 28 were blessed with faithful Abraham – the father of many nations.

The Remnant of Israel, saved from apostasy by electing grace, formed the Olive Tree, into which the believing Gentiles were grafted. This Remnant is called the ‘first fruit’ (verse 16), a pledge of the harvest of ‘all Israel’ of verse 26. The Gentiles addressed are said to have received ‘salvation’ (verse 11), to ‘stand by faith’ (verse 20), and to partake with the saved Remnant ‘of the root and fatness of the olive tree’ (verse 17).

We feel sure that no Bible student who understands grace will say that the pagan world, the Gentiles as such, did then, or do now, ‘stand by faith’ or enter into any of the blessings set forth in Romans 11. The apostle further calls the Gentile addressees ‘brethren’ (verse 25).

If once we perceive that Abrahamic blessing, and kingdom anticipations, were the characteristics of the period covered by the Acts (as it will be once again when the kingdom is set up on earth) no difficulty will remain, and the transitional portions of Romans, Galatians and Corinthians will be better understood.

We must not read into Romans 11 that which had not then been revealed, namely, the ‘One Body’ of Ephesians. Some have a difficulty with verses 21 and 22, because they feel that if this passage refers to saved Gentiles it contradicts such a passage as Romans 8.

To be clear as to this point it must be remembered that dispensational privileges must be distinguished from personal standing. With regard to the former – they may be lost; with regard to the latter – it is indefectible. A comparison of Romans 11 with Galatians 3 will be helpful just here.

The ‘gospel’ was never a ‘mystery hidden away from the ages and generations’ but was preached before unto Abraham; we must beware of confounding the gospel with the Mystery.

‘Blessed with faithful Abraham’ (Gal. 3:9).

‘That the blessing of Abraham might come on the Gentiles’ (Gal. 3:14 … the same as Rom. 11). ‘If ye are Christ’s, then are ye Abraham’s seed, and heirs according to the promise’ (Gal. 3:29). ‘Jerusalem which is above is free, which is the mother of us all’ (Gal. 4:26).

The New Jerusalem was a part of Abrahamic blessing, certainly of Abraham’s faith (see Hebrews. 11:14-16). After Acts 28 instead of a heavenly city which comes down from heaven, we have ‘heavenly places in Christ’, and the ‘citizenship which is in heaven’ (Eph. 1:3 and Phil. 3:20, Greek).

Summarizing, we find:

• Acts 28 is the great boundary between the present dispensation and the past (see ACTS 28, p. 26).
• Those epistles written before Acts 28, while containing much doctrinal teaching which remains truth for to-day, also contain much that is transitional and much that belongs to a dispensation which has passed
• That dispensation was Abrahamic and not that of the One Body, as has been hitherto so generally supposed.

For a fuller understanding of allusions to OLIVE TREE3, to ACTS 28 (p. 26), and to PENTECOST3 see under these respective headings. See also SEED4 and STAR SEED, DUST AND SAND4.

This covenant with Abraham must not be confused with that made 430 years afterward with Israel at Sinai, as the argument of Galatians 3:15-20 makes clear. This covenant is especially defined as being a covenant of ‘promise’, in which there were no contracting parties, but One only, God, Who made the unconditional promise that forms the basis of the Abrahamic covenant. This aspect of the subject is more fully discussed under PROMISE3.

Doctrine. One fundamental doctrine is inseparable from the name of Abraham, namely ‘Justification by Faith’. This is introduced in Genesis 15 and is given an exposition in Romans 4 and Galatians 3, where faith alone, independently of any works of the law, is emphasized as the agent of reception. The basis of Paul’s doctrine is the record of Genesis 15. James, however, takes the reader to Genesis 22 where Abraham was ‘tried’ and triumphed, thereby affording an illustration of the ‘perfecting’ of faith, a balance of truth so essential to all acceptable preaching. To appreciate the argument of James however, a fairly full acquaintance with the meaning and occurrence of the word ‘perfect’ is required, and this will be found under the heading PERFECT.

 A Gospel. Paul makes it clear in Galatians 3:8, that the initial promise ‘In thee shall all nations be blessed’ contained in germ both the doctrine of justification and the preaching of the gospel to the Gentile saying:

‘And the Scripture, foreseeing that God would justify the heathen (Gentiles) through faith, preached before the Gospel unto Abraham, saying, ‘In thee shall all nations be blessed’.

It is therefore clear that we must not confuse the preaching of the gospel to the Gentiles, which was never a secret, and which is the basis of such an epistle as Romans, with calling of the Gentiles during the dispensation of the Mystery, which is the theme of the epistle to the Ephesians.